Definition of internet:
An internet is defined as a network of networks around the world.It is the largest computer network available and its is used to transfer information through cyberspace.
Advantages of internet
- Fast communication
- Information sharing
- Resource sharing
History of Internet:
In 1960,the advanced research project agency(APRA) of US defence department funded a project called APRANET. The aim of the project was to connect universities,computer scientists and engineers through computer and telephone lines.
This project term devices standards to communicate amongcomputers throug telephone lines. This was very useful to sent e-mail during war time.From late 1980,all the people were allowed to use computer for thier commuinication.From 1990 the usage of internet facilities spread all over the world.
Features of Internet:
Using internet the user can send or receive mails using computer to another. This facility is called electronic mail or e-mail.
Video conference
Using internet users at different places can conduct a conference by seeing and hearing each without moving. This facility is called virtual meeting or video conference.
File transfer
Using file transfer protocol program,user can copy files from one machine on the internet to another.
Remote login
Using the internet tel net or rlogin, users on the internet can log onto any other machine.
News
News group is a common area in the internet. In this the users can place on thier news. This can be accessed by any other users.
Chatting
Using the internet, the users can exchange information interactively. This facility is called chatting.
Basic of networking concepts:
A computer network is defined as a group of computers and other devices connected either by wire or wireless to exchange data. The following are some basic conceps involved in computer networks.
IP address:
IP address is a unique number assigned to every device connected to a network.
Switches:
Switches are used to connect network devices such as computers, printers etc to a network in a building or campus.
Routers:
Routers are device used to connect multiple networks and send data between networks. Router's find the best possible route for a data to read its destination.
Packet switching:
Packet is defend assign manageable group of data. Packet switching ise processor breaking down the measures into small packets and send across the communication network essay independent entities.
Servers:
Servers computers that holds shared program, files and network operating systems. This allow access to network resources by all the network users.
Clients:
Trains are come to test that uses the computer network. The wire used transmission media are coaxial cable,Twister pair wire,optical fibre etc.
Local area network (LAN):
A network connection implemented within a building or in a office is called LAN. The comedy used topology are bus,ring and star.
Wide area network (WAN):
A network connection implemented within a large geographical distance between countries or continent is called WAN.
TCP/IP:
The full form TCP / IP transmission control protocol / internet protocol. Dish network in is a model to do communicate between networks.
UDP (used datagram protocol):
UDP is a set of rules used to send data between computers for over internet. For data transmission, this protocol need no connection between computers. This protocol will not guarantee that delivery of data between systems.
FTP:
The full form of FTP is file transfer protocol. This is a standard used to copy files from one host to another host internet. This uses the service of TCP.
Telnet:
Telnet is a protocol used to provide a bidictionary interactive text oriented communication between computers connected in network. This is control by the tcp/ IP protocol.
Using telnet the uses can access any computer remotely. The remote computer is called host. Once that telnet established a connection to host, that telnet client became a virtual terminal. This is,the client can access the host computer from the year terminal. For accessing a post computer then trying should account on the host.
SMTP:
The full form of smpt simple mail transfer portacle. This gives the standards for email communication through internet. To communicate through email and addressing system is needed. The general form is localpart@domain name.
Pop 3:
The full form of 3 is post office protocol 3. This protocol is used to transfer email from the receiver mail server to actual user. Service installed in the receiver system and pop 3 silver is installed in the receiver's mail server. To access the mails,the pop of 3 service ask user name to the pop 3 client. If it is found in the server then it asks for password. It is found in server, the connection is made. And connection is made the receiver can receive the emails.
MIME:
Mime stands for multipurpose internet mail extension. This is a internet standard protocol by Bill communications in 1991 to extend the limited usage of email. To exchange different kind of data file such a image audio and video over the internet.
Ports:
Airport is depend as a connection point in the computer through which external device can be connected. It is a combination of electronic and software company through which information flow from the computer to internet or another computer and vice versa . Each photos has a 16 bit port number ranging from 0 to 65535, IP address and transport protocol used for a communication.
World wide web:
World wide web is a collection of web pages are website store in web server and connected to local computers using internet so that people can say and share information. This was proposed by Tim Berners-Lees in 1989.The first web server, web browser and web page was created and announced in1991.
Understanding the role of the web browsers:
Web browser is up software program in a client machine. This is used to say information on the website. The browser use HTTP protocol to request information from the server. Most company used web browsers are Internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
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